What Is a Business Directory Website? The Complete Guide
In today’s digital landscape, visibility is everything for businesses looking to thrive. While most entrepreneurs focus on social media and paid advertising, business directory websites remain a powerful yet often underutilized marketing tool. These platforms act as the digital equivalent of the classic yellow pages, but with far more functionality and reach than their paper predecessors ever had.
The concept is elegantly simple: a centralized online location where consumers can discover businesses that match their specific needs. But beneath this simplicity lies a sophisticated ecosystem that connects buyers and sellers, improves local SEO, and provides valuable backlinks that boost online visibility. For business owners, these directories represent an opportunity to reach potential customers actively searching for their products or services.
Whether you’re looking to get your business listed on existing directories or create your own directory website as a business venture, understanding how these platforms work is essential to maximizing their potential. Let’s dive into everything you need to know about business directory websites and how they can transform your online presence.
TL;DR: Business Directory Websites
- Business directory websites are online platforms that list businesses by category, location, and services offered
- They provide significant SEO benefits through backlinks, improved local search visibility, and NAP consistency
- Directories come in various types: general vs. niche, local vs. national, and free vs. premium
- Creating your own directory requires choosing the right platform, thoughtful UX design, and consistent maintenance
- Successful monetization strategies include featured listings, advertising, and subscription models
- The future of directories includes AI-powered recommendations, voice search optimization, and deeper integration with other marketing tools
What Is a Business Directory Website?
A business directory website is a platform that collects, organizes, and displays information about businesses across various industries and locations. Think of it as a digital marketplace where businesses can showcase their offerings and consumers can easily find services or products they need. Unlike search engines that provide a broad range of results, directory websites focus specifically on business listings, organizing them by categories, locations, ratings, and reviews.
The core purpose of these platforms is to connect consumers with relevant businesses. They typically include essential information such as:
- Business name and logo
- Contact information (phone, email, website)
- Physical address and map location
- Business hours
- Services or products offered
- Customer reviews and ratings
- Images and videos
The journey from traditional paper directories to online platforms has been remarkable. Before the digital revolution, businesses relied heavily on printed yellow pages and local business directories. These physical books were bulky, quickly outdated, and offered limited information. The search experience was often frustrating and time-consuming for consumers.
The transition to online directories solved these limitations. Modern business directory listing platforms offer real-time updates, multimedia content, customer reviews, and sophisticated search capabilities. They’ve evolved from simple listings to interactive platforms where consumers can compare options, read reviews, and even make reservations or purchases directly.
This evolution mirrors the broader shift in consumer behavior. Today’s consumers expect instant, accurate information and the ability to make informed decisions quickly. Business directories have adapted to meet these expectations, becoming more user-friendly, information-rich, and integrated with other digital services like mapping applications and review platforms.
Benefits of Business Directories
Increased Online Visibility
One of the most significant advantages of business directories is their ability to expand your digital footprint. When your business appears in multiple relevant directories, you essentially multiply your chances of being discovered by potential customers. This is particularly valuable for small businesses with limited marketing budgets who can’t afford extensive advertising campaigns.
These directories often have high domain authority and substantial traffic, meaning they appear prominently in search results. When your business is listed on these platforms, you benefit from their established online presence. For many local businesses, directory listings can generate significant referral traffic, especially when optimization is done correctly.
According to inbound marketing strategies research, businesses listed in multiple directories typically see a 30-50% increase in online visibility compared to those relying solely on their websites and social media presence.
Improved Local SEO
Directory listings play a crucial role in local search engine optimization. Search engines like Google use information from trusted business directories to verify the legitimacy of local businesses and determine their relevance to local searches.
The consistency of your business information across directories—commonly referred to as NAP (Name, Address, Phone) consistency—sends strong signals to search engines that your business is legitimate and properly represented online. This consistency increases your chances of appearing in the coveted “Local Pack” or “Map Pack” in Google search results.
Additionally, directories help your business appear in location-based searches like “restaurants near me” or “plumbers in [city name].” For businesses targeting local customers, this geographically focused visibility is invaluable and often leads directly to foot traffic or service calls.
Enhanced Credibility and Trust
Being listed in respected business directories lends legitimacy to your operation. Consumers often perceive listed businesses as more established and trustworthy than those that are difficult to find online. I’ve personally noticed this effect when launching new ventures—clients consistently mention finding us through directories and feeling more confident about reaching out because of our presence on these platforms.
Many directories incorporate review systems, allowing customers to share their experiences. Positive reviews on these platforms serve as powerful social proof, influencing potential customers’ decisions. In fact, studies show that 87% of consumers read online reviews for local businesses before making purchasing decisions.
The verification processes that many quality directories employ also add to your credibility. These may include confirming your physical address, checking business licenses, or verifying phone numbers—all signals to consumers that you’re a legitimate operation.
Targeted Advertising Opportunities
Business directories offer highly targeted advertising opportunities that often deliver better ROI than broader digital advertising platforms. Since users of directory websites are actively searching for specific products or services, they represent high-intent potential customers who are further along in the buying journey.
Many directories offer premium placement options, allowing businesses to appear at the top of category listings or in featured sections. These premium positions can significantly increase visibility to motivated buyers. Some directories also provide enhanced listing features like video content, detailed service descriptions, or special offer announcements that help businesses stand out from competitors.
The targeted nature of these platforms means you’re not wasting advertising dollars on disinterested audiences. Instead, you’re positioning your business in front of people actively seeking what you offer—a fundamental principle of effective business directory marketing.
Types of Business Directories
General vs. Niche Directories
General business directories cast a wide net, listing businesses across multiple industries and categories. Sites like Yellow Pages, Yelp, and Google Business Profile fall into this category. These platforms offer broad exposure to diverse audiences and serve as comprehensive business resources for consumers.
The primary advantage of general directories is their high traffic volume and broad user base. They’re often the first stop for consumers who aren’t sure where to start their search for a product or service. For most businesses, being listed on major general directories is considered essential for online visibility.
In contrast, niche directories focus on specific industries, professions, or business types. Examples include Houzz for home improvement professionals, TripAdvisor for tourism businesses, or Healthgrades for medical practitioners. These specialized platforms cater to users with specific interests or needs.
Niche directories often attract highly qualified leads with specific intentions. A homeowner browsing Houzz is likely in the market for renovation services, making these platforms extremely valuable for targeted marketing. Additionally, backlinks from industry-specific directories can carry more SEO weight since they come from relevant sources.
Local vs. National Directories
Local directories focus on businesses within specific geographic areas—cities, counties, or regions. Chamber of Commerce directories, neighborhood guides, and city-specific platforms fall into this category. These directories are invaluable for businesses primarily serving local customers, like restaurants, retail shops, and service providers.
The primary strength of local directories is their relevance to proximity-based searches. When someone searches for “coffee shops near me,” local directory listings significantly influence the results. These platforms often have strong connections with the community and may offer networking opportunities beyond mere online visibility.
National directories, on the other hand, cover businesses across entire countries. While they provide broader exposure, they may not offer the same level of local search advantage as region-specific platforms. However, for businesses with multiple locations or those serving customers nationwide, these broader directories are essential components of a comprehensive directory strategy.
The best approach for most businesses is a combination of both types—leveraging local directories for community presence and national platforms for broader visibility and SEO benefits.
Free vs. Paid Listings
Many directories offer basic listings at no cost, allowing businesses to create a fundamental presence that includes essential information. These free listings typically include your business name, address, phone number, and perhaps a brief description. While limited in features, free listings provide valuable visibility and contribute to your online presence.
The main advantage of free listings is scalability—businesses can establish a presence across numerous directories without significant investment. For startups and small businesses with limited marketing budgets, maximizing free directory listings is an essential first step in building online visibility. There are several best low cost business directories for startups that provide great value for those just starting out.
Paid or premium listings offer enhanced features and visibility. These may include:
- Priority placement in search results
- Enhanced visual content (additional photos, videos)
- Removal of competitor ads from your listing
- Detailed business information
- Special badges or verification markers
The investment in paid listings should be strategic, focusing on directories most relevant to your industry and customer base. Premium listings on high-traffic platforms relevant to your business can deliver substantial returns, while paid features on less relevant directories might not justify the cost.
How to Create a Business Directory Website
Choosing the Right Platform
Creating your own business directory website starts with selecting the appropriate platform. The choice typically falls into three categories: custom development, directory-specific software, or content management systems with directory functionality.
Custom development offers maximum flexibility and unique features but requires significant investment and technical expertise. This approach makes sense for large-scale directory projects with specialized requirements or innovative features not available in existing solutions.
Directory-specific software provides purpose-built solutions with features designed explicitly for business listings. These platforms often include ready-to-use templates, search functionality, review systems, and payment processing for premium listings. They’re generally easier to implement than custom solutions while still offering professional results.
Content management systems like WordPress with directory plugins (such as Business Directory Plugin or Directory) offer a middle ground. They provide reasonable customization options with lower development costs and maintenance requirements. For small to medium-sized directory projects, this approach often delivers the best balance of functionality and resource efficiency.
When selecting your platform, consider factors like scalability, ease of updating, SEO capabilities, and integration with payment processors if you plan to offer paid listings.
Designing User-Friendly Interfaces
The success of a directory website hinges on its usability for both businesses and consumers. An intuitive, clean interface encourages engagement and return visits, while a confusing layout drives users away.
Key elements of user-friendly directory design include:
- Intuitive navigation and category structure
- Prominent, advanced search functionality
- Mobile responsiveness for on-the-go searches
- Fast loading times (users abandon slow sites)
- Simple listing submission process for businesses
- Clear calls-to-action for both businesses and consumers
I’ve worked on several directory projects, and one lesson I’ve learned repeatedly is that simplicity trumps complexity. In one case, we reduced our advanced search options from twelve fields to five, focusing on the most-used criteria. This seemingly small change increased user searches by over 40% and time-on-site by nearly two minutes.
Visual hierarchy is also crucial—ensure the most important elements (search bar, popular categories, featured listings) are immediately visible. The goal is to help users find what they need with minimal effort.
Populating with Relevant Listings
A directory without listings is like a store without products. The initial population of your directory is critical for establishing value and attracting both businesses and consumers.
Starting strategies include:
- Manually adding free basic listings for prominent local businesses
- Partnering with business associations or chambers of commerce
- Offering free premium listings for a limited time to early adopters
- Importing public business data (ensuring compliance with legal requirements)
- Creating incentives for businesses to add themselves (such as free promotional periods)
Quality matters more than quantity in the early stages. Focus on complete, accurate listings rather than a high volume of partial or outdated information. Each listing should include, at minimum, accurate contact information, business hours, a brief description, and categorization.
For local business directory websites, geographical organization is essential. Ensure your structure accommodates searches by neighborhood, city, and region to maximize relevance for users.
Maintaining and Updating the Directory
A business directory is never “finished.” Ongoing maintenance is essential for long-term success and user trust. Outdated or inaccurate information quickly erodes credibility and drives users to competitors.
Effective maintenance practices include:
- Regular verification of existing listings (quarterly is ideal)
- Processes for users to report closed businesses or inaccuracies
- Periodic outreach to listed businesses for information updates
- Monitoring and moderating reviews for policy compliance
- Regular platform updates for security and functionality
Consider implementing a “claim your business” feature that allows business owners to take control of their listings, which drives engagement and improves accuracy. Many successful directories also implement expiration dates for listings, requiring businesses to confirm their information periodically.
Content moderation is another critical aspect of maintenance. Reviews and business descriptions should be monitored for inappropriate content, spam, or policy violations. Automation can help with initial screening, but human oversight remains necessary for maintaining quality standards.
SEO Benefits of Business Directories
How Directories Improve Search Engine Rankings
Business directories contribute to search engine rankings through multiple mechanisms. Understanding these benefits helps businesses maximize the value of their directory presence.
First, directories help search engines understand what your business does and where it operates. The categorization and location information in directory listings provides contextual signals that help search engines match your business to relevant queries. These structured data points are valuable for search algorithms trying to deliver the most relevant results to users.
According to SEO impact of directories research, businesses with consistent information across multiple directories typically see improved rankings for industry and location-specific keywords. This improvement stems from the increased confidence search engines have in the accuracy of your business information.
Directories also contribute to your overall online presence and digital footprint. Search engines consider the breadth of your online mentions when evaluating your business’s relevance and authority. A robust directory presence signals legitimacy and established business operations.
The Role of Backlinks
One of the most valuable SEO benefits of directory listings is the acquisition of backlinks. These links from directory websites to your business website serve as “votes of confidence” in the eyes of search engines, potentially improving your domain authority and search rankings.
The quality of directory backlinks varies significantly based on several factors:
- The directory’s own domain authority and reputation
- Whether the link is followed or nofollowed
- The relevance of the directory to your business category
- The overall link profile of the directory (whether it looks natural or spammy)
High-quality directories like BBB, Chamber of Commerce websites, and industry-specific platforms typically provide the most valuable backlinks. These sites are trusted by search engines and pass significant link equity. In contrast, low-quality, spammy directories can potentially harm your SEO efforts.
It’s worth noting that even nofollowed links from reputable directories provide value. While they may not directly pass link equity, they contribute to a natural link profile and can drive referral traffic. The diversification of your link sources through directory listings creates a more robust and natural-looking backlink profile.
Local SEO Advantages
For businesses serving specific geographic areas, the local SEO benefits of directories are particularly significant. Directory listings are among the most influential factors in local search visibility.
Google and other search engines use directory information to verify your business directory ID and location details. Consistent NAP (Name, Address, Phone number) information across directories serves as confirmation that your business details are accurate. This consistency significantly impacts your chances of appearing in local pack results—those coveted map listings at the top of local search results.
Directories also help you capture location-based searches with high conversion potential. When someone searches for “electricians near me” or “best coffee shop in [neighborhood],” directory listings influence which businesses appear in these valuable results.
Beyond Google, directories themselves often rank well for local service searches. Having optimized listings on these platforms can effectively put your business on the first page of search results through the directory, even if your website doesn’t rank well for those terms yet. This provides an alternative pathway to visibility for businesses building their SEO presence.
Examples of Successful Business Directories
Case Studies of Popular Directories
Examining successful business directories provides valuable insights into effective strategies and best practices. Let’s look at some standout examples and what makes them work.
Yelp has become synonymous with business discovery, particularly in the restaurant and service industries. Their success stems from several key factors: a robust review system that consumers trust, an intuitive mobile app that facilitates on-the-go discovery, and effective monetization through enhanced business profiles and targeted advertising. Yelp’s emphasis on user-generated content creates a dynamic platform that remains relevant through constant updates.
Angie’s List (now Angi) built its reputation on verified reviews for home service providers. Their unique approach initially included a subscription model for consumers, which created a sense of exclusivity and trust. Their verification processes for both businesses and reviewers helped establish credibility in an industry often plagued by unreliable contractors. Their evolution to include booking services directly through the platform demonstrates how directories can expand their value proposition.
TripAdvisor dominates the travel sector by combining business listings with user reviews and content. Their success illustrates how a directory can expand beyond basic listings to become a comprehensive resource. By incorporating photos, detailed reviews, Q&A features, and direct booking options, they’ve created a one-stop platform for travel planning. Their global reach shows how directories can scale across geographic boundaries while maintaining local relevance.
I once consulted for a regional business directory that struggled with user engagement until they implemented a “local expert” program. By recruiting knowledgeable community members to curate lists and write neighborhood guides, they transformed from a static directory to a dynamic local resource. Within six months, their traffic increased by 215%, and business submission requests doubled.
Lessons Learned from Successful Platforms
Successful directory websites share several common elements that contribute to their longevity and user engagement:
- Focus on user experience: Easy navigation, fast search functionality, and mobile optimization are non-negotiable features.
- Data accuracy mechanisms: Processes for verifying and updating information maintain trust and utility.
- Value-added content: Beyond basic listings, successful directories offer insights, guides, and resources relevant to their users.
- Community building: Features that encourage user participation create dynamic, self-updating platforms.
- Balanced monetization: Effective directories find ways to generate revenue without compromising user experience.
The most important lesson may be adaptability. Directories that have thrived over time have evolved with changing technology and user expectations. Yelp expanded from desktop to mobile-first, TripAdvisor added booking capabilities, and local directories incorporated social features.
Another key insight is the importance of specialization. While general directories serve an important purpose, many successful platforms have found strength in focusing on specific niches or regions. This specialization allows them to provide more relevant information and better serve both businesses and consumers in their target market.
Monetization Strategies for Business Directories
Paid Listings and Featured Spots
The most direct monetization approach for directory websites involves charging businesses for enhanced visibility. This typically takes several forms:
- Premium listings: Enhanced profiles with additional features like videos, extended descriptions, and multiple contact points.
- Category sponsorships: Allowing businesses to appear at the top of their category searches or in featured sections.
- Featured placements: Rotating spotlight positions on homepage or high-traffic pages.
- Search result prioritization: Ensuring paid listings appear before free listings in relevant searches.
Effective pricing strategies typically involve tiered options that cater to businesses of different sizes and marketing budgets. Many successful directories offer monthly subscriptions as well as annual plans with discounted rates to improve retention and create predictable revenue.
The key to success with this model is demonstrating clear value differentiation between free and paid options. Businesses need to see tangible benefits—higher visibility, increased leads, or enhanced presentation—to justify the investment. Providing metrics and success stories from existing premium members can help make this case.
Advertising Opportunities
Beyond paid listings, directories can generate revenue through various advertising formats:
- Display advertising: Banner ads, sidebar placements, and interstitials targeted to relevant audiences.
- Native advertising: Sponsored content that mimics the directory’s editorial style while promoting businesses.
- Email marketing: Sponsored mentions in newsletters or dedicated emails to directory users.
- Retargeting partnerships: Allowing advertisers to reach directory visitors as they browse other websites.
The targeted nature of directory traffic makes these advertising opportunities particularly valuable. Advertisers can reach consumers with high purchase intent who are actively searching for relevant products or services. This specificity often commands premium rates compared to general web advertising.
To maximize advertising revenue while preserving user experience, successful directories maintain a careful balance. Excessive or intrusive advertising can drive users away, ultimately reducing the platform’s value to advertisers. The best approach integrates advertising naturally into the user journey, providing relevant options without disrupting the search experience.
Subscription Models
While less common than advertising and premium listings, subscription models offer an alternative revenue stream for directory websites. These typically take two forms:
- Business subscriptions: Membership programs offering enhanced features, market insights, competitive analysis, or lead generation services beyond basic listings.
- Consumer subscriptions: Premium access for directory users, offering features like verified reviews, special deals, or advanced search capabilities.
The business subscription approach works best when directories can provide genuine ongoing value beyond simple visibility. This might include regular reports on profile views, competitor analysis, industry trends, or lead qualification services.
Consumer subscription models face greater challenges given the abundance of free alternatives, but can succeed when they offer substantial exclusive benefits. For example, Angie’s List initially built its business on consumer subscriptions by promising verified, trustworthy reviews unavailable elsewhere.
Hybrid models have proven successful for many directories, combining free basic access with premium features available only to subscribers. This approach maximizes user base while creating opportunities for conversion to paid services.
The Future of Business Directory Websites
Emerging Trends and Technologies
Business directories continue to evolve as technology advances and consumer expectations shift. Several emerging trends are reshaping the landscape:
- Visual-first experiences: Enhanced visual content, including virtual tours, 360° images, and video profiles are becoming standard features.
- Voice search optimization: As voice assistants grow in popularity, directories are adapting to provide results for conversational queries.
- Real-time information: Live updates on business capacity, wait times, or inventory availability create more useful consumer experiences.
- Integrated messaging: Direct communication channels between consumers and businesses within the directory platform streamline engagement.
- Transaction capabilities: Directories are increasingly incorporating booking, purchasing, or reservation features directly into listings.
These developments represent a shift from static information repositories to dynamic, interactive platforms that facilitate complete customer journeys from discovery to transaction. The most forward-thinking directories are positioning themselves as comprehensive business-consumer connection points rather than simple listing services.
Role of AI and Machine Learning
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming directory functionality in several key ways:
- Personalized recommendations: AI algorithms analyze user behavior to suggest relevant businesses based on past searches, reviews, and interactions.
- Predictive search: Machine learning improves search relevance by understanding intent beyond literal query terms.
- Review analysis: Natural language processing extracts insights from reviews, helping users understand business strengths and weaknesses at a glance.
- Fraud detection: AI systems identify fake reviews or suspicious listing activities to maintain platform integrity.
- Automated verification: Machine learning helps validate business information across multiple sources, improving directory accuracy.
These technologies enable directories to deliver more relevant, personalized experiences while reducing the manual effort required for maintenance and moderation. As AI capabilities advance, directories will increasingly function as intelligent business recommendation engines rather than passive information repositories.
Integration with Other Marketing Tools
The future of directory websites involves deeper integration with broader marketing ecosystems:
- CRM integration: Directory listings connect directly with business customer relationship management systems for seamless lead handling.
- Marketing automation: Actions taken on directories trigger appropriate follow-up communications from businesses.
- Analytics platforms: Enhanced tracking provides businesses with insights into how directory traffic converts through their sales funnel.
- Social media integration: Directories incorporate social content and enable cross-platform engagement.
- Cross-platform consistency: Unified business information management ensures consistency across directories, social profiles, and first-party websites.
These integrations transform directories from isolated marketing channels to connected components of comprehensive digital strategies. For businesses, this means more efficient management of their online presence and better attribution of marketing results. For consumers, it creates more seamless experiences as they move between discovery platforms and business interactions.
The most successful directories in the coming years will be those that position themselves as vital nodes in broader digital ecosystems rather than standalone platforms. This connected approach provides greater value to both businesses and consumers while creating new monetization opportunities.
FAQs
How does a business directory website work?
Business directory websites collect and organize information about businesses, typically categorizing them by industry, location, and services offered. Users can search the directory using various filters to find businesses that match their needs. Businesses can claim and enhance their listings, often with both free and paid options available. The directory facilitates connections between consumers and businesses by providing contact information, descriptions, reviews, and sometimes direct messaging or transaction capabilities.
What are the benefits of listing a business in an online directory?
Listing your business in online directories provides multiple benefits: increased online visibility across different platforms, improved local SEO through consistent NAP (Name, Address, Phone) information, valuable backlinks to your website, enhanced credibility through presence on trusted platforms, additional traffic sources beyond search engines, and opportunities to showcase reviews and build social proof. For many local businesses, directories also drive a significant portion of new customer acquisition.
How is a business directory different from a search engine?
While both help users find information, business directories focus specifically on business listings with structured data and categories, whereas search engines index the entire web. Directories typically provide verified, consistent business information in a standardized format, making comparison easier. Search engines cast a wider net but may include outdated or inconsistent information. Directories also often include reviews, detailed business information, and category-specific attributes that search engines might not prominently display.
Can I create my own business directory website?
Yes, creating your own business directory website is feasible with various available tools. Options include using WordPress with directory plugins, specialized directory software solutions, or custom development. The complexity and cost depend on your chosen approach and desired features. Success requires attention to user experience, data quality, and building a critical mass of listings. Monetization typically comes through premium listings, advertising, or subscription models. While technically accessible, building a successful directory requires ongoing commitment to maintenance, marketing, and user acquisition.
What are the best business directories for SEO?
The most valuable directories for SEO include Google Business Profile (formerly Google My Business), which directly influences local search results; industry-specific directories relevant to your business category; local directories like Chamber of Commerce websites and regional platforms; and major general directories with high domain authority such as Yelp, Yellow Pages, and BBB. The best strategy involves maintaining consistent information across a mix of general, local, and industry-specific directories rather than focusing on quantity alone.
How can I monetize a business directory website?
Effective monetization strategies for business directories include offering premium or featured listings with enhanced visibility and features; displaying targeted advertising relevant to user searches; creating subscription models for businesses with additional benefits beyond basic listings; facilitating transactions and taking commissions on bookings or purchases; and offering additional services like verified reviews, business intelligence tools, or marketing assistance. Successful directories typically employ multiple revenue streams rather than relying on a single model.
The Power of Business Directories in Your Digital Strategy
Business directory websites represent a unique intersection of utility, SEO value, and targeted marketing that few other digital channels can match. Whether you’re looking to get your business listed across relevant platforms or considering creating your own directory as a business venture, understanding their mechanics and potential is crucial.
For businesses seeking visibility, a strategic approach to directories—selecting the right platforms, maintaining consistent information, and leveraging premium features where appropriate—can yield significant returns on a relatively modest investment. The combined benefits of improved search visibility, targeted exposure to high-intent consumers, and enhanced online credibility make directories an essential component of a comprehensive digital presence.
For entrepreneurs interested in creating directory platforms, opportunities remain abundant, particularly in underserved niches and regions. The evolving technology landscape continues to create new possibilities for innovation in how businesses and consumers connect.
Take action today by auditing your current directory presence or exploring opportunities to create value through new directory concepts. In the increasingly complex digital ecosystem, these seemingly simple platforms continue to serve as powerful bridges between businesses and the customers they seek to serve.